My Recipe of Stress Management Personal Essay

My Recipe of Stress Management As of today, the ability to manage stress is one of the most important qualities that a person has to possess in order to become successful. Why is it so? About 20 years ago the situation was completely different – people lad settled and deliberate lives, and were happy with that state. But what do we have now? The world changed drastically within this period. There arose many opportunities, people understood that in order to reach their goals it was necessary to have fast reactions, clear plans and many other constituents. Of course, in this situation stress is inevitable. That is why psychologists invented various techniques of how to cope with stress and succeed out of its overcoming. As for me, I also have a recipe, which I successfully follow whenever there stressful situations occur. To my mind, the main thing in stress management is the very perception of this state. If you consider it to be an obstacle in your life and you begin to panic whenever fast reactions are required from you, you will have many problems in this state. But if you perceive it as a catalyst of your reactions, will learn how to behave in calm and concentrated way in stressful situations, you are doomed to success and are sure to become a precious element of society and especially of your working environment. In this way, you will receive many additional opportunities instead of problems, which is great, isn’t it? Of course, there are situations when you just can’t force yourself to action and are at a standstill. As for me, in such situations I try to relax for about 5 minutes, think about some pleasant things and return to my urgent assignment when the thoughts in my head become balanced and I am able to make reasonable decisions. In my case, the above mentioned methods work 100% and I really recommend trying them in your practice.

Obedience, By Stanley Milgram - 853 Words

Obedience is practiced everyday throughout everyone s life. It has been engraved in everyone growing up. Students are taught at an early age to obey the higher authority’s commands in school, at home, and in public whether it is the teacher, principal, police officer, and even other parents. Additionally, parents too have to practice obedience. They must be follow orders from their bosses, and they must obey the laws. As a result, obedience becomes second nature, which exposes everyone to problems. The problems are unknown to everyone because being obedience appears to be the correct thing to do, so one obeys without thinking or gives in to the authority figure. Obedience to authority puts one’s counterparts at risk. Obedience makes people blind to what they are truly doing allowing them to do evil things when instructed by an figure of authority. Stanley Milgram says, â€Å"For many people obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency, I indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, empathy, and moral conduct.† (217). In other words, people who are obedient to authority sometimes go against their own ethics, emotions, and moral conduct. This rejection of ethics puts other at risk. This idea was tested and proven in the Milgram experiment, which involved two volunteers serving as a teacher and a student. The teacher was required to read word pairs to the student, while the student needed to remember the word pair. The penalty for not remembering the pair was aShow MoreRelatedThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1506 Words   |  7 Pagestotally catch the layman s creative energy as the submission tests led by Stanley Milgram. As one of only a handful couple of mental analyses to have such a consideration getting criticalness, Milgram found a concealed quality of the human mind that appeared to demonstrate a shrouded insane in even the most coy individual. Milgram presents his startling discoveries in The Perils of Obedience. By first investigating what Milgram is endeavoring to find in his examination of acquiescenceis that it isRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram950 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Perils of Obedience, Stanley Milgram introduces us to his experimental studies on the conflict between one’s own conscience and obedience to authority. From these experiments, Milgram discovered that a lot of people will obey a figure in authority; irrespective of the task given - even if it goes against their own moral belief and values. Milgram’s decision to conduct these experiments was to investigate the role of Adolf Eichmann (who played a major part in the Hol ocaust) and ascertain ifRead MoreThe Perils of Obedience, by Stanley Milgram1499 Words   |  6 Pageswould you follow your direct orders? That is the question that Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University tested in the 1960’s. Most people would answer â€Å"no,† to imposing pain on innocent human beings but Milgram wanted to go further with his study. Writing and Reading across the Curriculum holds a shortened edition of Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,† where he displays an eye-opening experiment that tests the true obedience of people under authority figures. He observes that most peopleRead MoreObedience And Authority, By Stanley Milgram1156 Words   |  5 Pagesbe generated. Obedience to Authority by Stanley Milgram, discusses various subjects such as impression, stereotypes and prejudices, attribution, attitudes, social influence, attraction, obedience and authority, groups, and helping behavior. Milgram explains, â€Å" A person does not get to see the whole situation but only a small part of it, and is thus unable to act without some kind of over-all direction. He yields to authority but in doing so are alienated from his own actions.†Ã‚  (Milgram 11). In thisRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram918 Words   |  4 Pages Stanley Milgram, an American social psychologist, aggrandized many minds as he delved into a very common habit that humans exhibit every day. One could infer that it was his curiosity which prompted him to write on this topic provided that he was born into a Jewish family. This topic is the human behavior of obedience. â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† was written by Stanley Milgram in 1974. This essay is based upon the findings of his experiment he conducted at Yale University in 1961. The objectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s The Milgram Obedience 1587 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known experimentations in submission in ps ychology the famous Milgram obedience study conducted by Stanley Milgram, social psychologist who worked at Yale University during the 1960s, and the ethical guidelines that should have been integrated with his research. Stanley Milgram’s aim was to study whether the German population were predominantly compliant to imposing figures which was a collective thought for the Nazi massacres that happened during the course of World War IIRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram757 Words   |  4 PagesObedience above all In his article The Perils of Obedience†, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to determine if the innate desire to obey an authority figure overrides the morality and consciousness that had been already established in a person. After Milgram conducted his experiments he concluded that 60% of the subjects complied to an authority figure rather than their own sympathy. There was additional testing outside the US which showed an even higher compliance rate. Milgram reasoned thatRead MoreObedience, By Stanley Milgram Tore1653 Words   |  7 Pages I. Overview Out of all the topics we have gone over the course of this class, obedience fascinates me the most. It is perplexing, thought provoking, and morally confusing. Obedience is paramount to the structure of our society yet stories of destructive obedience haunt us. From the atrocities of the Holocaust to the massacres in Vietnam we glimpse at the horrors humans are capable of. All the while, perpetrators vindicate their actions with relative ease. The justification for every genocideRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words   |  5 PagesStudy of Obedience† by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early age (Milgram, 1963)Read MoreStanley Milgram s Research On Obedience863 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering â€Å"shocks† to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical towards

Importance of Data Mining For Business-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Briefly summarise why data Mining is used in Business. 2.Discuss about the Security, Privacy and Ethics. Answers: 1.Usage of data mining in the business Importance of data mining Data mining is simply a collection of the huge data from which certain pattern can be derived which help in the study of the customer behavior towards the company. Therefore the data mining is important for the business purpose as it help to gain the insight what are the customer preferences. Usage of data mining in business Data mining has huge application in the different business sectors some of them listed are: Banking In the banking sector huge amount of data is recorded everyday in terms of the account details, shopping bills data, customers name, address and various other forms of data. In order to maintain such a huge pool of data and decode them to derive some information which can help them to customers shopping pattern data mining application is used. Education In the education sector the data mining application is used to predict the results of the student by studying their learning behavior through the exams data. These data are analyzed by the coaching institute. Healthcare business With the help of the data recorded in the hospitals, data mining is used to predict the best medicine practices for the particular disease. Data mining is also used to predict the disease outbreaks. For the detection of the fraud and lies The purpose of the data mining is to derive the meaningful pattern from the data. It can be used to detect fraud and lies; through the data mining if the programmed meaningful data is not valid it will term it as invalid thus detecting it as a fraud. Recent article/news item relating to data mining business Cambridge Analytica: Trump's data mining advisers to meet Australia's Liberal MPs. The following article discusses about the data mining company Cambridge Analytical which is one of the key backroom operatives of the US president Donald Trumps Campaign for the white house will meet him 6th of April 2017 with the representatives of the Liberal party, government staff and parliamentarians, including the veterans (Murphy, 2017). Cambridge Analytica is famous for its usage of the controversial psychographic methods to identify which particular slogan is best to persuade the voter. This particular company is going to set its organization in the Australia. The following article discusses the application of the data mining how an American company Cambridge Analytica has the used the psychographic methods to study the various slogans which is the best to attract the maximum voters. Now they are going to the same in Australia for which they are establishing their company in Australia. Thus from the article it can be concluded that the data mining applications is not only limited to the sector like education, finance or health sector but is also used for the political purpose by a company called Cambridge Analytical to study the behavior of the customers and find out the best slogan in order to attract them. The idea has worked their successfully and they are expanding their business in Australia. Thus data mining has vast scope whose application is endless. 2.Introduction The following report discusses the concept of the data mining and the related major security problems in data mining, privacy problems related to the data mining, the ethical implication related to the data mining. It further discusses about the importance of this implication in the business and finally concludes how effectively the company should use the data mining in keeping the mind the privacy of its customer. Analysis The major security issues related to the data mining Every activity in the business which is performed it take the help of the computer as the result huge amount of the data is stored and the misuse of these data can compromise the customer privacy (Big data security problems threaten consumers' privacy ,2017). The application of the big data is huge like predicting the result before two to three days of its occurrence or studying the customer behavior (Wu et al, 2014). Following is the some of the threats which can be exposed with the application of the data mining. The size of the big data The big data contains huge data and to protect and preserve these data itself is the huge challenge. If any hacker is able to breach the data of the company it can put thousands of customer data at risk (ElAtia, Ipperciel Hammad, 2012). A report in 2014 of the breaching of the Arkansas University has compromised around fifty thousand student private data and in the same year e-commerce giant e-bay has compromised over two hundred million customers data .The Amazon, in order to protect the data it distributing its data to twelve of its data centers in the world to minimize the effect. The access control difficulty Various company in order to protect their data they prefer to have a single access point ti minimize the risk, but in the case of the big data it deals with the huge amount of data and to have a single access point for such huge data is practically not possible making it vulnerable to breaching. Moreover the software company does not take security of its data as high priority as it can cost them time and money (Malik, Ghazi Ali, 2012). The example can be seen in a software company hardtop, software has a verybasic security features but many big companies uses Hardtop as their corporate data platform, despite its limitation. The privacy issues in the data mining Privacy in place of security To provide the high security to the customer data on their request. The company in order to increase the security the company uses various tools like access control, encryption, intrusion detection or backups (Willis III, 2013). To implement these security the company demands more private information to the customer to make their data more secure. If there is any breach in the data in place of taking the responsibility of the breaches they treat customer as a potential hacker who can pose threat to their security, even though the agency has sufficient information that a particular customer is not the terrorist it still makes more decrypted version of their data. The big data usage How the companies are utilizing the technology big data also raises the great concern. The companies are utilizing the big datas data to track the online move of the customer to study their choices and the big data companies are helping them to achieve that by providing the private data to these company (Strohmeier Piazza, 2013). The company can claim that they are using these data to make an online experience more friendly but the same will be disagreed by the customers. The Big Data, Human rights and the ethics of scientific research The world is going through the digital phase where almost all the operations are implemented with the help of computers and it is still going through huge transformation to make the task simpler and achieve the impossible task which was never done before (Big Data, Human Rights and the Ethics of Scientific Research Opinion ABC Religion Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2017). The online data which is stored as a waste can be analyzed to yield knowledge. On one hand the big data has proved to be extremely useful in all the sectors of the country as seen in above article how data mining is useful in election campaign, but on other hand through the incident of the Snowden revelations the common people came to know the extent of the government surveillance on the people, misusing the application of the big data which has has not only compromised the privacy but also failed the trust in them (Uzar, 2014) . The cybercrime and hacking news has created the fears among people an d made the digital world more vulnerable to hacking. Ethical implication in data mining The main intent of using data mining is to derive some valuable information or the pattern which can be used in different sectors like marketing, education, healthcare industry. Data mining are used in these sectors for different purpose as describe earlier. The ethical implication means to develop the mindset of stealing the data and carry out the business accordingly. The well recognized problem with data mining is when the private data of the individual is used to market the products in order to target. Though companies appear to focus on the idea that more the data mining the more will be the sales of their products (Sharma Panigrahi, 2013). This might be acceptable with them but there will be disagreement with customers. Importance of these implications The major issues related to the data mining are misuse of the customer data for the purpose of marketing as discussed in ethical implication (Siemens d Baker, 2012). The customer has right to sue the company if he thinks his privacy is compromised. It is the duty of the company to maintain the transparency in the usage of the big data and if there is any breach in its data then it should take the responsibility for the loss. Conclusion From the assignment that the data mining has huge application in every sector of the country is it finance, banking or a healthcare. The assignment also provides the news article which shows how a company has utilized the concept data mining for the political benefits. The demand for the data mining is not going to stop despite its misuses. The companys duty to maintain the transparency in the usage of the big data and if there is any breach in its data then it should take the responsibility for the loss. References Murphy, K. (2017). Cambridge Analytica: Trump's data mining advisers to meet Australia's Liberal MPs. the Guardian. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/apr/05/donald-trumps-data-mining-advisers-to-meet-liberal-mps-in-canberraMiner, G. (2012).Practical text mining and statistical analysis for non-structured text data applications. Academic Press. Big data security problems threaten consumers' privacy. (2017).The Conversation. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://theconversation.com/big-data-security-problems-threaten-consumers-privacy-54798 Big Data, Human Rights and the Ethics of Scientific Research Opinion ABC Religion Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). (2017).Abc.net.au. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2016/11/30/4584324.htm Sharma, A., Panigrahi, P. K. (2013). A review of financial accounting fraud detection based on data mining techniques.arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3944. Uzar, C. (2014). The Usage of Data Mining Technology in Financial Information System: An Application on Borsa Istanbul.International Journal of Finance Banking Studies,3(1), 51. Strohmeier, S., Piazza, F. (2013). Domain driven data mining in human resource management: A review of current research.Expert Systems with Applications,40(7), 2410-2420. Willis III, J. E. (2013). Ethics, Big Data, and Analytics: A Model for Application.Educause Review Online. Wu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, G. Q., Ding, W. (2014). Data mining with big data.IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,26(1), 97-107. ElAtia, S., Ipperciel, D., Hammad, A. (2012). Implications and challenges to using data mining in educational research in the Canadian context.Canadian journal of education,35(2), 101. Siemens, G., d Baker, R. S. (2012, April). Learning analytics and educational data mining: towards communication and collaboration. InProceedings of the 2nd international conference on learning analytics and knowledge(pp. 252-254). ACM. Malik, M. B., Ghazi, M. A., Ali, R. (2012, November). Privacy preserving data mining techniques: current scenario and future prospects. InComputer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), 2012 Third International Conference on(pp. 26-32). IEE

Leonardo Da Vinci free essay sample

Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452, in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno River in the territory of Florence. Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine notary was his father, and Catherina, a peasant who may have been a slave from the Middle East was his mother. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense, da Vinci simply meaning of Vinci: his full birth name was Leonardo di Ser Piero da Vinci, meaning Leonardo, son of Ser Piero from Vinci. Little is known about Leonardos early life. He spent his first five years in the hamlet of Anchiano, and then lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle, Francesco, in the small town of Vinci. His father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera, who loved Leonardo but died young. One, which he regarded as an omen, was when a kite dropped from the sky and hovered over his cradle, its tail feathers brushing his face. We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo Da Vinci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second occurred while exploring in the mountains. He discovered a cave and was both terrified that some great monster might lurk there, and driven by curiosity to find out what was inside. Educational Background: In 1466, at the age of fourteen, Leonardo was apprenticed to the most successful artists of his day, Andrea di Cione, known as Verrocchio. Verrocchio educated Leonardo humanities. Other famous painters such as Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi were apprenticed with the workshop. Leonardo was exposed to technical and artistic skills. He had the opportunity to learn drafting, chemistry, leather working, mechanics, carpentry, drawing, painting, sculpting and modeling. Much of the painted production of Verrocchios workshop was done by his employees. According to Vasari, Leonardo work with Verrocchio on his Baptism of Christ, painting the young angel holding Jesus’ robe in a manner that was so far superior to his masters that Verrocchio put down his brush and never painted again. Leonardo himself was the model for two works by Verrocchio, which were the bronze statue of David in the Bargello and the Archangel Michael in Tobias and the Angel. By 1472, at the age of twenty, Leonardo qualified as a master in the Guild of St Luke, the guild of artists and octors of medicine, but even after his father set him up in his own workshop, his attachment to Verrocchio was such that he continued to work with him. Leonardos earliest work was done in pen and ink on August 5th, 1473; Arno valley. Training: Practically nothing is known about Leonardo’s boyhood, but Vasari informs us that Ser Piero, impressed with the remarkable character of his sonâ₠¬â„¢s genius, took some of his drawings to Andrea Del Verrocchio, an intimate friend, and begged him earnestly to express an opinion on them. Verrocchio was so astonished at the power they revealed that he advised Ser Piero to send Leonardo to study under him. Leonardo thus entered the studio of Andrea Del Verrocchio about 1469-1470. In the workshop of that great Florentine sculptor, goldsmith, and artist he met other craftsmen, metal workers, and youthful painters, among whom was Botticelli, at that moment of his development a jovial _habitue_ of the Poetical Supper Club, who had not yet given any premonitions of becoming the poet, mystic, and visionary of later times. There also Leonardo came into contact with that unoriginal painter Lorenzo di Credi, his junior by seven years. He also, no doubt, met Perugino, whom Michelangelo called â€Å"that blockhead in art. † The genius and versatility of the Vincian painter was, however, in no way dulled by intercourse with lesser artists than himself; on the contrary he vied with each in turn, and readily outstripped his fellow pupils. Influences: Da Vinci studied under Verrocchio, where Botticelli was also a student. His main influences were Masaccio, Donatello, Fra Filippo Lippi, Piero Della Francesca and Uccello. Younger artist who were in Florence while Da Vinci was there included Michelangelo, whom he despised, and Raphael. Leonardo was the son of a very rich and influential man (Yes, he was illegitimate, but he had a very extensive education and was surrounded by important people all his life). Da Vinci would study from the great people who came before you. Da Vinci the scientist observed nature and systematically recorded his observations. He studied every detail of the human body by dissecting corpses. In his study of animals da Vinci focused on the mystery of flight. His copious notes covered a vast range of topics from the sun, moon, and stars, to fossils and flying. His works provided a base for scientists to work from for centuries. During the Renaissance, math and science went hand in hand, thanks to the Greeks. da Vinci, along with other artists of the day, used geometry to produce a new style of painting, a style that allowed the observe to see the scene as in real life. This developed into the concept of perspective, which used light and depth perception to depict a 3D scene on a 2D surface. Because he typified the idea of the Renaissance. The term Renaissance Man refers to one who was capable of excelling at a wide variety of activities. Leonardo was an accomplished scientist, architect, engineer, painter, designer, physiologist, etc. Truly he was not simply a man of the Renaissance; he was the prototype of the Renaissance Man. Personality issues Subject matter: idk Life story: 452: Leonardo is born close to the town of Vinci in the countryside near Florence 1466-1469: Leonardo moves to Florence and becomes an apprentice in the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio 1472: Leonardo paints one of the angels in Verrocchio’s painting ‘The baptism of Christ’. He also finishes his apprenticeship, becoming a master artist and a member of Florence’s Guild of Saint Luke 1481: Leonardo leaves Florence for Milan, where he finds work at the court of Duke Ludovico Sforza 1490: Leonardo works on the Sforza horse and draws the Vitruvian Man, among other things. Salai joins the studio as an apprentice. 1497: Work on ‘The last supper’ in under way. 1498: Ludovico Sforza gives Leonardo a vineyard in Milan, but there is not much time for him to enjoys it, as in the fall of 1499, French troops invade the city and Leonardo leaves 1500-1505: Leonardo works in Florence again, along with his great rival, the artist and sculptor Michelangelo 1503: Leonardo begins work on his most famous painting the ‘Mona Lisa’. In 1506-1513, he is back in Milan-the city is now ruled by French 1513: Leonardo moves to Rome, where he lives and works at the Vatican court(the pope’s headquarters). 516: Leonardo moves to France to work for the king, Francis I. Salai is one of his companions. In 1519, Leonardo dies, at the age of 67, in Amboise, France. Level of success: Today, there are records of only few Da Vinci paintings, and 20 notebooks. Thankfully, these works have been preserved over the hundreds of years since Leonardos time, and while his works are scattered in different areas of the globe, everyone can enjoy Da Vinci through the numerous books detailing his life, or through any of the many Da Vinci posters that have been printed. A well-known master in the history of art, Leonard Da Vinci is renown by people all over the map, and those of us who cannot travel to view the true works that the genius created can at least bring home a piece of him when we buy Da Vinci posters or prints. His most famous paintings are among the most influential works ever created. Legacy, Impact: Leonardos greatness lies in the diversity of his knowledge. His depth of understanding across a broad range of disciplines sets him aside from his contemporaries. Even by todays standards it would be difficult to find an individual who embraced Anatomy, Biology, Engineering, Architecture, and Science in addition to being one of the greatest painters of all time. The tragedy is that much of his scientific work was not published in his lifetime, and was only re-discovered many years after his death at a time when science had already embraced many of his ideas. There is little doubt that had his work been publicised in the Renaissance era it would have advanced the knowledge of the time. His left handed mirror-writing also caused problems. It created a code that needed breaking before his unpunctuated manuscripts could be understood. Also many of his scientific papers have been lost or damaged and are dispersed throughout the world. As an artist it is universally agreed that Leonardos marriage of art and science was significant for the advancement of painting techniques. He was famous for being a great painter long before his scientific work was acknowledged and appreciated. So the basis of his genius lies in his artistic achievements. The contradiction is that he designed weapons of war and, at the same time, marveled at the beauty of nature that these devices could ultimately destroy. Some historical characters stride like giants through the pages of history, think of Newton, Einstein, and Aristotle, Leonardo is certainly cast in the same mold. If art is about an emotional response then Leonardo da Vinci delivers at the highest level. I have been privileged to see a number of Leonardos paintings in the flesh; at the Louvre in Paris and also at the National Gallery in London. On 21st February 2009 I traveled to Manchester to view 10 of his drawings from the Royal Windsor collection. Needless to say these small works oozed quality. In a society were fame is fleeting and celebrity is often acquired very cheaply, it is refreshing that an artist, who died 500 years ago, can cause a queue to form, waiting in line to view his work. Famous works: Mona Lisa, the last supper, St. John the Baptist, and The Baptism of Christ are the most famous paintings of Leonardo Da Vinci. Especially Mona Lisa. Annunciation, Ginevra de’ Benci, Benois Madonna, Madonna of the Carnation, St. Jerome in the Wilderness, Adoration of the Magi, Virgin of the rocks, Lady with an Ermine, Madonna Litta, Portrait of a Musician, La belle ferronniere, the virgin and child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist, Madonna of the yarn winder, The virgin and child with St. Anne, and Bacchus are less famous paintings of Da Vinci. Leonardo Da Vinci not only painted great paintings, but he have invented many of the transportation/vehicles and other things we use in today’s life. For flight, there are glider, helicopter, and parachute, for military; there are automobile car, machine gun, scaling gun, and tank. Viola organista and double hull are the most famous between people. Viola organista is an experimental musical instrument Da Vinci invented. It was the first bowed keyboard instrument ever to be devised and Double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two layers of watertight hull surface. And the space between the two hulls is sometimes used for storage of fuel or ballast water. Old age Court records of 1476 show that Leonardo and three other young men were charged with sodomy, and acquitted. From that date until 1478 there is no record of his work or even of his whereabouts, although it is assumed that Leonardo had his own workshop in Florence between 1476 and 1481. From September 1513 to 1516, Leonardo spent much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome, where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time. In October 1515, Francois I of France recaptured Milan. On 19th December, Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francois I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna. It was for Francois that Leonardo was commissioned to make a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its chest to reveal a cluster of lilies. In 1516, he entered Francois service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Luce near the kings residence at the royal Chateau Amboise. It was here that he spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and apprentice, Count Francesco Melzi, supported by a pension totaling 10,000 scudi. Leonardo died at Clos Luce, France, on May 2, 1519. Francois I had become a close friend. Vasari records that the King held Leonardos head in his arms as he died, although this story, beloved by the French and portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Menageot and other French artists, may be legend rather than fact. Vasari also tells us that in his last days, Leonardo sent for a priest to make his confession and to receive the Holy Sacrament. In accordance to his will, sixty beggars followed his casket. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise. Melzi was the principal heir and executor, receiving as well as money, Leonardos paintings, tools, library and personal effects. Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion, Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardos vineyards, his brothers who received land, and his serving woman who received a black cloak of good stuff with a fur edge. Some twenty years after Leonardos death, Francois was reported by the goldsmith and sculptor Benevento Cellini as saying: There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher. A painter, a sculptor, an architect and an engineer, Leonardo Da Vincis numerous skills have earned him the title of renaissance master. Da Vincis fascination with science and his in-depth study of human anatomy aided him in mastering the realist art form. While Leonardos counterparts were known to create static figures in their works, Leonardo always tried to incorporate movement and expression into his own paintings. All the personages in his works are painted with great accuracy and detail that it is sometimes said that Da Vinci painted from the bones outward. Having lived until the age of 67, Leonardo experienced a very long career that was filled with times during which the painter was celebrated, but at times he was also humiliated and cast away. His life experiences all influenced his works and often, his paintings never left the sketchpad, or were only partially completed, as Leonardo often abandoned his commissions in order to flee from social situations. Leonardo was home schooled, his father taught him only simple things. Leonardo used math in some of his artwork. He used the Golden ratio in his paintings, Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, His Self Portrait and Madonna of the Rocks. He studied mathematics, geometry and polymath. Leonardo Da Vinci lived and took math lessons from Luca Pacioli. Luca Pacioli was making a book, and Leonardo Da Vinci was illustrating for him. Many other scientists ignored Leonardo Da Vinci because he did not know Latin or algebra. Leonardo studied, hydraulics, pyrotechnics, science, acoustics, optics, medicine, biology, anatomy, natural history, zoology, cartography, philosophy and botany. Leonardo Da Vinci was so fascinated by human anatomy, that he would sneak into hospitals at night, and dissect human bodies. He only studied anatomy for 20 years, and then moved on.